Klinefelter syndrome ks is one of the most common chromosomal disorders and occurs in 1. Testicular volume is measured by ultrasound examination, which usually. The condition, called klinefelter syndrome, is not uncommon it occurs in somewhere from 0. It occurs in 150 0 to 1 male bir ths, invariably conferring at least one extra female x chromoso me. One strikes the flint to find the seedspark hidden in its veins. Klinefelters syndrome ks was first described in 1942 klinefelter et al. The history of klinefelter syndrome has shown that it is one of the most common genetic. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. By the late 1950s, researchers discovered that men with this group of. What can you infer is most likely the genetic mutation that results in klinefelters syndrome.
Hormones and me klinefelter syndrome 2 about this book this booklet, klinefelter syndrome introduces a genetic condition which affects some boys, and its features from infancy to adulthood. It was shown that men who displayed the distinct characteristics specific. We meet on a regular basis, either in person or via conference calls. The syndrome is caused by an additional x chromosomes resulting in a karyotype of 47, xxy. Klinefelter syndrome nord national organization for rare. Characteristic clinical findings in men with klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome ks, also known as 47, xxy is the set of symptoms that result from two or more x chromosomes in males. This genetic disorder occurs when a male is born with an extra copy of the x chromosome and may result in low testosterone production and. The features vary widely between individuals with ks and many individuals with ks are diagnosed as adults because of infertility and have few of the physical features. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isnt diagnosed until adulthood. I had 2 xs instead of one, destined to be gay and born into a strict irish, roman catholic regimeneed i say more. Men with 47, xxy ks have low fertility, and with novel assistive and reproductive techniques, more men. Because symptoms of klinefelter syndrome ks can sometimes be very mild, many people are never diagnosed or treated.
Klinefelter syndrome can be diagnosed using genetic testing prenatally or later. The syndrome was first identified and described in 1942 by harry fitch klinefelter, jr. Consensus statement on diagnosis and clinical management of. Often it is only at puberty that these symptoms are noticed. Review article klinefelter syndrome the commonest form of hypogonadism, but often overlooked or untreated eberhard nieschlag summary background. When a diagnosis is made, treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person, especially the problems related to hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and psychosocial problems. By the late 1950s, the cause of klinefelter syndrome was discovered.
Klinefelters syndrome is the most common sex chromosome disorder and results in primary hypogonadism and infertility in men. Despite cpp, gnrh agonist therapy was not initiated because of his excellent predicted. People with this condition are born with at least one extra x chromosome. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. The national endowment for the humanities provided support for entering this text. The perception that all persons with ks will demonstrate textbook signs. To describe mortality in ks, we conducted an epidemiological study, using danish registers covering the entire nation. Immediately download the klinefelters syndrome summary, chapterbychapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more everything you need for studying or teaching klinefelters syndrome. Aside from having an extra x chromosome, these are symptoms of klinefelter syndrome. Because klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder, it cannot be prevented.
Klinefelter syndrome is one of the leading causes of male infertility. Note that there are no facial characteristics that suggest a. Infancy the diagnosis of ks is made on the basis of a blood test showing the. This paper was commissioned by the classical association of victoria to provide an overview of the critical literature on book 6 of virgils aeneid, for the benefit of those teaching the vce latin course as well as general interest. Klinefelter syndrome, disorder of the human sex chromosomes that occurs in males, one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders in males. Gives the ground of some proposition understood, as nil desperandum frieze. The information in this outline was last updated in 2002.
Doctors only detect a small fraction of these boys and men using conventional methods of diagnosis. Heidelberg 1984 hormone human hypogonadal increased karyotype kline klinefelter boys klinefelter patients klinefelter syndrome klinefelters syn klinefelters syndrome lancet leg ulcers leydig cells mean meiotic mental. Andrews forthright account of living with klinefelter syndrome captures his frustration at the limited awareness of this condition amongst many health professionals. Adolescent male with gynecomastia and klinefelter syndrome.
Novel inflammatory syndrome in children possibly linked to covid19. History of klinefelter syndrome genetics home page. Sometimes, symptoms are more prominent and may include weaker muscles, greater height, poor coordination, less body hair, breast growth, and less interest in sex. Klinefelters syndrome has an adverse effect on testicular growth and results in the formation of smaller than normal testicles. This syndrome is the most common sexchromosome disorder affecting 1 in 500 men across all ethnic groups, but the diagnosis is often delayed because. Choose from 500 different sets of latin book 6 lines aeneid flashcards on quizlet. Male children with the disease tend to have characteristics of. The history of klinefelter syndrome began in 1942, when the symptoms were first identified. In 1959, these men with klinefelter syndrome were discovered to have. We are a group of families who are affected by klinefelter syndrome. One impact is that the disease can leave them in confusion of their sexual orientation. Klinefelter syndrome ks, also known as 47, xxy is the set of symptoms that result from two or. It is also a guide to available treatments for some of these problems.
We constructed a cohort of 781 danish boys and men diagnosed with ks from the danish cytogenetic central. Vergilius maro, aeneid, book 6 perseus digital library. Low testosterone is the reason for many issues in ks. A person with the genetic disorder klinefelters syndrome has an extra xchromosome. Klinefelter syndrome ks with the karyotype 47,xxy is one of the commonest types of congenital chromosomal disorder in males, with an incidence of 0. Vergil, aeneid i 198207 dickinson college commentaries.
I was born in 1960, the youngest and 12th surviving child of at least children. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of the aeneid and what it means. Men with klinefelter syndrome are also at a substantially higher risk for nonhodgkin lymphoma, and possibly lung cancer. Surveys of the newborn have shown that ks is extremely common, affecting 1 in 580 live male births. M 198204, 205207 r 198, 199207 f 198205, 206207 returning to his companions, aeneas addresses them with consoling words wetherell. The book is designed for physicians, medical students preparing for board examinations, medical researchers, and patients who want to become familiar with. About 8090% of ks cases bear this original karyotype, whereas the remaining exhibit in decreasing frequency varying mosaicism e. Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects only males. Prostate cancer, along with breast cancer was more prevalent. Klinefelter syndrome ks or 47, xxy is a chromosomal disorder in males. Fifteen patients with klinefelters syndrome, aged between 17 and 43 years, and 15 healthy males, aged 2235 years, were studied.
Once it is diagnosed, treatment may help reduce symptoms. Klinefelter syndrome, also known as 47, xxy is the set of symptoms that result from two or more x chromosomes in males. Klinefelters syndrome has a huge impact to males who fall victim to this literal life changing disease. It occurs because of a random additional chromosome in the egg, sperm, or fetus. By the late 1950s, the cause for klinefelters syndrome was discovered. Approximately 3% of all infertile men have klinefelter syndrome and 14% of nonobstructive azoospermic men have klinefelter syndrome. Increased prolactin secretion and thyrotrophin response to. It results from an unequal sharing of sex chromosomes soon after fertilization. Klinefelter syndrome may be diagnosed in infancy or early childhood but diagnosis may be delayed until adulthood, at the time of a couple seeking assistance for infertility. Genetic counseling issues for klinefelter syndrome and other sex chromosome abnormalities. Some of us have sons who are 47,xxy some of us are 47,xxy or other variation. Klinefelter syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Inter quas phoenissa recens a volnere dido errabat silva in magna.
Living with klinefelter syndrome 47, xxy, a condition associated with a chromosomal imbalance. We described a klinefelter syndrome patient who developed ghd at age 2 1012 years and cpp at 8 612 years. Learn latin book 6 lines aeneid with free interactive flashcards. Klinefelter syndrome a medical dictionary, bibliography. Klinefelter was an endocrinologist who believed these characteristics were caused by an endocrine disorder. Hormones and me klinefelter syndrome 6 how is klinefelter syndrome diagnosed. Impetuously the eager warriors leap forth to land upon hesperian soil.
After such words and tears, he flung free rein to the swift fleet, which sped along the wave to old euboean cumaes sacred shore. Handbook of genetic counselingklinefelter syndrome. High risk of venous thromboembolism in klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelters syndrome is a genetic diso rder, which affects the sex ch romosomes. So aeneas spoke, weeping, gave his fleet full rein, and glided at last to the shores of euboean cumae. Aeneid book 6, lines 450 to 474 harvard university. Often, symptoms may be subtle and many people do not realize they are affected. There is usually a small testicle volume of 15 ml per testicle standard.
Harry klinefelter and his coworkers first described the combination of features that has come to be recognized as klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome ks with the karyotype 47,xxy is one of the commonest types of. The primary features are infertility and small poorly functioning testicles. Klinefelter syndrome definition, symptoms, treatment. Klinefelter syndrome, also known as xxy syndrome, is a condition in boys and men thats caused by an extra x chromosome. Klinefelters syndrome klinefelters syndrome is the most common cause of testicular failure that results in impairments in both spermatogenesis andto a lesser extenttestosterone production. Klinefelter syndrome ks is the most prevalent sex chromosome disorder in man and is a common cause of hypogonadism.
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